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OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the antidiarrheal effect of ethanol extract of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch root (GFR) in vivo and jejunal contraction in vitro.@*METHODS@#In vivo, 50 mice were divided into negative control, positive control (verapamil), low-, medium- and high-dose GFR (250, 500, 1,000 mg/kg) groups by a random number table, 10 mice in each group. The antidiarrheal activity was evaluated in castor oil-induced diarrhea mice model by evacuation index (EI). In vitro, the effects of GFR (0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, and 10 g/L) on the spontaneous contraction of isolated smooth muscle of rabbit jejunum and contraction of pretreated by Acetylcholine (ACh, 10 µmol/L) and KCl (60 mmol/L) were observed for 200 s. In addition, CaCl2 was accumulated to further study its mechanism after pretreating jejunal smooth muscle with GFR (1 and 3 g/L) or verapamil (0.03 and 0.1 µmol/L) in a Ca2+-free-high-K+ solution containing ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA).@*RESULTS@#GFR (500 and 1,000 mg/kg) significantly reduced EI in castor oil-induced diarrhea model mice (P<0.01). Meanwhile, GFR (0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, and 10 g/L) inhibited the spontaneous contraction of rabbit jejunum (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Contraction of jejunums samples pretreated by ACh and KCl with 50% effective concentration (EC50) values was 1.05 (0.71-1.24), 0.34 (0.29-0.41) and 0.15 (0.11-0.20) g/L, respectively. In addition, GFR moved the concentration-effect curve of CaCl2 down to the right, showing a similar effect to verapamil.@*CONCLUSIONS@#GFR can effectively against diarrhea and inhibit intestinal contraction, and these antidiarrheal effects may be based on blocking L-type Ca2+ channels and muscarinic receptors.
Subject(s)
Mice , Rabbits , Animals , Antidiarrheals/adverse effects , Jejunum , Glycyrrhiza uralensis , Castor Oil/adverse effects , Calcium Chloride/adverse effects , Diarrhea/drug therapy , Plant Extracts/adverse effects , Verapamil/adverse effects , Muscle ContractionABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the scientificity and feasibility of processing of Pinelliae Rhizoma by hot water washing （Tangxi）， and to provide reference for the development of related famous classical formulas. Method:Processing method of Pinelliae Rhizoma washed by hot water was established based on ancient Tangxi processing method， and the process conditions were optimized by single factor tests. The weight， moisture， ash， extract， total acid （calculated by succinic acid） contents and high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） fingerprint of Pinelliae Rhizoma were compared before and after processing. In addition， the rabbit eye irritation test was conducted to evaluate the toxicity changes. Result:The processing method of Pinelliae Rhizoma washed by hot water was as following：washed by 4 times the amount of hot water at 80 ℃ for 10 times until clear water， transfused cross-section after incision， no or slight numbness in the mouth. The average moisture， ash， extract contents of Pinelliae Rhizoma washed by hot water were 9.34%， 1.71% and 4.22%， respectively. After being processed， the decline rates of weight and total acid content of Pinelliae Rhizoma were 7.49% and 43.31%. The HPLC fingerprint of Pinelliae Rhizoma before and after washing showed a decrease in all components， but there was no new chromatographic peak， and peak 9 （adenosine） reduced significantly. The results of rabbit eye irritation test showed that there was no obvious eye conjunctival irritation after washing， indicating that the toxicity of Pinelliae Rhizoma decreased obviously after washing. Conclusion:The established method of Pinelliae Rhizoma by Tangxi processing is stable and feasible， the aqueous extract of Pinelliae Rhizoma has no obvious eye conjunctival irritation after washing.
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Objective To analyze the time trend of HIV epidemic and to provide basis for comprehensive HIV infection prevention among pregnant women. Methods From 2014 to 2018, continuous cross-sectional surveys were conducted among pregnant women in two maternity and child health care hospitals. 800 blood samples were collected each year to test HIV infection, syphilis and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Results A total of 4 000 eligible pregnant women completed the interview and blood testing. The awareness rate of knowledge about HIV/AIDS was 91.2%, and the rate was increasing year by year. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the awareness rate was associated with at age of more than 35, with lower education than college and the husband used to work in other places. Conclusions The rate of HIV infection among PRGs was at a low level in Taizhou.
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Objective: An efficient and stable regeneration system was developed to select the optimal protocol for plant regeneration with various explants of Gentiana rigescens. Methods: The study was designed as a L9(34) orthogonal experiment to explore the effects of different types and concentration of plant growth regulator combinations on adventitious shoot formation and plant regeneration, using different explants maintained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium after a single factor pre-experiment had been conducted. Results: Stem with buds was the optimal explant for indirect organogenesis with a frequency of callus induction of up to 97.73% obtained on MS + 6-BA 1.5 mg/L + NAA 1.0 mg/L + KT 0.05 mg/L after 10 dwith the axillary shoots starting to germinate along with the emergence of callus with a strong capacity of differentiation from the base; The callus started to generate green multiple shoots with a 100% rate after 15 d and a coefficient of differentiation in the clump shoot of 18.65. The multiplication coefficient was up to 63.58. However, the stem tip was the best explant for direct organogenesis with a propagation coefficient of up to 44.36 cultured on MS + 6-BA 0.5 mg/L + NAA 1.0 mg/L + KT 0.5 mg/L 30 days later. The plantlet derived from two explants was too weak for rooting and the weak multiplication plantlet was maintained on MS medium supplemented with 6-BA 1.5 mg/L, NAA 1.0 mg/L, KT 0.05 mg/L, and PP333 10 mg/L to rejuvenation for 60 d. The regeneration plant with 100% rooting rate was obtained by culturing on 1/2 MS + 6-BA 0.1 mg/L + NAA 2.0 mg/L for 45 d and more than 95% of plantlets survived after transplanting. Conclusion: The current study established a rapid propagation system which is helpful to protect the wild resources and high quality seedling propagation of G. rigescens, meanwhile providing scientific evidence for the research on genetic transformation.
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BACKGROUND: The selection of carrier plays an essential role in the research of applying tissue-engineering to fix the peripheral nerves. An ideal carrier would be one that is similar to extracellular matrix and that it has biocompatibility with in vivo cells.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the biocompatibility of hippocampal neural stem cells with collagen and gelatin sponge in vitro and to probe into the feasibility of using the materials as biomaterial scaffold in peripheral nerve tissue engineering.DESIGN: A randomized and controlled trial.SETTING: Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Department of Anatomy of the School of Basic Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out from July to December 2005 at the Laboratory of Neurobiology of the Department of Anatomy of the School College of Basic Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University.Twelve New born (＜ 24 hours) clean grade guinea pigs of either gender with a body mass of 50-70 g, were provided by the Experimental Animals Center of Zhengzhou University School of Medicine.METHODS: The new born (＜ 24 hours) guinea pigs were anesthetized intraperitoneally with 10 g/L chloral hydrate and sterilized in 0.75 volume fraction of alcohol. Hippocampal tissue was resected from the brain under a surgical microscope. Hippocampus neural stem cells were cultured in vitro. The cultured cells of two generations were suspended at a density of 1 ×1010L-1 and respectively combined with collagen and gelatin sponge.The number of cells was counted and histological changes were observed under an inverted phase microscope and scanning electron microscope after 7 days, and the adhesion rate of the two materials to the cells were measured.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Growth of the neural stem cells and their adhesion to the collagen and gelatin sponge were observed and the total number of the cells and adhesion rate with carrier were measured. ②The morphological changes of differentiation cells by immunocytochemical staining.RESULTS: ①Hippocampus neural stem cells could grew on the collagen and gelatin sponge and attached to them gradually. The adsorption rate of collagen was higher than thai of gelatin sponge (37.17 % and 14.87 %,x2=4.819,P ＜ 0.05). ② There was no significant difference in the total number of the cells in the control group, collagen group and gelatin sponge group [(53.17±3.5)×104,(53.25±2.6)×104, (52.04±4.05)×104,F=0.233,P ＞ 0.05].CONCLUSION: Two biomaterials (collagen and glutin sponge), especially collagen, have good biocompatibility with hippocampus neural stem cells from the guinea pigs and can be used safely as scaffold materials in peripheral nerve tissue engineering.
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Objective To study the expression of KAI1 and CD40 in gastric cancer and their correlation with clinicopathologic features and prognosis.Methods The expression of KAI1 and CD40 of 64 gastric cancer tissues was examinated by S-P immunohistochemieal methods.Results The overall positive rate of KAI1 was 22% in gastric cancer.Expression of KAI1 was positively related to the degree of tumor differentiation,it was negatively related to invasion depth and lymph node metastasis and the tumor clinical stage.The 5-year survival rate of cases with positive expression of KAII was significantly higher than that of cases with negative expression(X~2=42.426,P=0.000).The expression rate of CD40 in gastric cancer tissue was 34%.The expression of CD40 was significantly correlated with metastasis and clinical stage of gastric cancer.The 5-year survival rate of cases with positive expression of CD40 was significantly lower than that of cases with negative expression(X~2=4.841,P=0.028).There is no relationship between KAI1 and CD40 expression in gastric cancer.Conclusion KAI1 is associated with gastric cancer differentiation,invasion and metastasis.CD40 status helps to evaluate metastasis,and predict prognosis of gastric cancer.